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Home > ÀÇÇÐÁ¤º¸ > Áúº´Á¤º¸ > °­ÁÂ
½ÉÇÑ Æíµµºñ´ë¸¦ º¸À̴ ȯÀÚÀÇ ½ÉÇ÷°ü°è ¿µÇâ 2017.10.17
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½ÉÇÑ Æíµµºñ´ë¸¦ º¸À̴ ȯÀÚÀÇ ½ÉÇ÷°ü°è ¿µÇâ
Â÷ÀǰúÇдëÇб³ ¼Ò¾ÆÃ»¼Ò³â°ú °­¼öÁ¤
¼­·Ð
¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ ½ÉÇÑ Æíµµºñ´ë°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, »ó±âµµ ÀúÇ×ÀÇ »ó½ÂÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼ö¸éÁß ÄÚ°ñÀÌ Áõ»óÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼ö¸éÁß ÄÚ°ñÀÌ Áõ»óÀº ÈçÇÑ Áõ»óÀ¸·Î, ¾à 27%ÀÇ ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ °£ÇæÀûÀ¸·Î °üÂûµÈ´Ù°í Çϸç, 7-12%°¡ 1ÁÖÀÏ¿¡ 3ȸ ÀÌ»ó ºÎ¸ð°¡ ÀÎÁöÇÒ Á¤µµÀÇ Å« ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»¸é¼­ ÄÚ°ñÀ̸¦ ÇÑ´Ù°í º¸°íµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.[1] ½À°üÀûÀ¸·Î ÄÚ°ñÀÌ Áõ»óÀ» º¸ÀÎ´Ù¸é Æó¼â¼º ¼ö¸é ¹«È£ÈíÁõ(Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, OSAS)À» ÀǽÉÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼Ò¾ÆÀÇ OSAS¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁöµµ´Â Á¡Â÷Àû
À¸·Î ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±× À¯º´·üÀº ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ 2-4%·Î º¸°íµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù[2]. ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ÀÇ OSAS´Â ºñ´Ü ÀÎÁö ¹× Çൿ Àå¾Ö¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ½ÉÇ÷°ü°èÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

1. Æíµµºñ´ë°¡ ½ÉÇ÷°ü°è¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ
1)º´Å»ý¸®
¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ Æíµµºñ´ë°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Å« Æíµµ°¡ »ó±âµµ¸¦ ÇØºÎÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Ð¹ÚÇÏ¿© »ó±âµµ ÀúÇ×À» ³ô¿©¼­ ¹ßÀÛÀûÀÎ ±âµµ Æó¼â¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â OSAS¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÚ±â°ø¸í¿µ»óÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­, OSAS °¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æµé¿¡¼­ Á¤»ó ¼Ò¾Æµé°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© Æíµµ¿Í ¾Æµ¥³ëÀ̵åÀÇ Å©±â°¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏ°Ô ÄÇÀ¸¸ç, Æíµµ¿Í ¾Æµ¥³ëÀ̵åÀÇ °ãÄ¡´Â °ø°£ÀÌ »ó±âµµ ÇùÂøÀÇ À§Ä¡¶ó°í º¸°íµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.[3] ±âµµ Âî±×·¯Áü°ú ºñ¸¸µµ OSAS¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.[1] ºñ·Ï Æíµµºñ´ë »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ó±âµµÀÇ ±ÙÀ° ±äÀåµµ µî ´Ù¸¥ º¹ÀâÇÑ »óÈ£°ü°è°¡ OSAS ¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸[1], °¡Àå Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â ¿øÀÎÀº Æíµµ ºñ´ë°¡ µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ´ÜµÈ´Ù.
¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Æó¼â¼º ¹«È£ÈíÁõÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ½ÉÇ÷°ü°èÀÇ ¿µÇâÀº Àú»ê¼ÒÁõ, ÀÌÈÄ ´Ù½Ã »ê¼ÒÀÇ °ø±Þ(hypoxemia- reoxygenation),°íź»êÇ÷Áõ, ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ ¼ö¸é¿¡¼­ ±ú¾î³²(arousals), Èä°­³» ¾Ð·ÂÀÇ º¯È­·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
(1)ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°èÀÇ º¯È­
OSAS°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ Ư¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀϾ´Â ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ »ó±âµµ Æó¼â´Â °£ÇæÀûÀÎ Àú»ê¼ÒÁõ, °íź»êÇ÷Áõ, ±×¸®°í Èä°­³» ¾Ð·ÂÀÇ ¿À¸£³»¸²À» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°èÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±³°¨½Å°æ°èÀÇ Ç×Áø, ±³°¨½Å°æ°èÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀµµÀÇ Áõ°¡, ±³°¨-ºÎ±³°¨ÀÇ ºÒ±ÕÇüÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°èÀÇ Ç×Áø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ù°Å·Î, OSAS °¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ ½É¹Ú¼ö º¯ÀÌÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ µé ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.[4] ¶ÇÇÑ, OSAS°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°èÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ» ÆÄµ¿ À̵¿ ½Ã°£(pulse transit time)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© º¸¿©ÁØ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÉÀüµµ¿¡¼­ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á½ɽÇÀÇ Å»ºÐ±Ø ½ÃÀÛ ½Ã°£°ú, ÀÌ¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â ¼Õ¸ñ¿¡¼­ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ »ê¼ÒÆ÷È­µµ ÆÄÇüÀÇ ÃâÇö½Ã°£ÀÇ Áö¿¬ Á¤µµ(delay)¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­, ȯ¾Æ°¡ ±ú´Â °Í°ú ÆÄµ¿À̵¿½Ã°£ÀÇ º¯È­¿Í ¿¬°ü¼ºÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.[5] ¶ÇÇÑ, OSAS°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ OSASÀÇ ½ÉÇÑ Á¤µµ¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ¼Òº¯³» Ä«Å×Äݶó¹ÎÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¿¬±¸µµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.[6]

(2)Àü½Å¼º °íÇ÷¾Ð(Systemic hypertension)
OSAS °¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æµé¿¡¼­´Â, ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°è Á¶ÀýÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀÌ Ç÷°ü¿îµ¿¼º ±äÀåµµÀÇ Áö¼ÓÀû Áõ°¡¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç[7], °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î Àü½Å¼º °íÇ÷¾ÐÀ» ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 24½Ã°£ Ȱµ¿¼º Ç÷¾Ð ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÀ» Ȱ¿ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­, i) OSAS ȯ¾ÆµéÀÌ ½À°ü¼º ÄÚ°ñÀ̰¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æ¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© ±ú¾îÀÖÀ» ¶§¿Í ¼ö¸é½Ã¿¡ Ç÷¾ÐÀÇ º¯À̰¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ii) ¹ã-³·ÀÇ ¼öÃà±â Ç÷¾ÐÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ¿´°í iii) ¼ö¸é½Ã Æò±Õ Ç÷¾ÐÀÇ dipping ÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù°í º¸°íµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. [8] ºñ¸¸°ú °íÇ÷¾Ð°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ À¯ÀüÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹èÁ¦ÇÑ ´õ ¸¹Àº Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸°¡ µÞ¹ÞħµÇ¾î¾ß ÇϰÚÁö¸¸, ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ÀÇ OSAS°¡ ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°è Á¶ÀýÀÇ ÀÌ»ó, Ç÷°ü±¸Á¶¿Í ÀúÇ×ÀÇ º¯È­·Î ÀÎÇÑ Ç÷¾ÐÁ¶ÀýÀÇ Àå¾Ö¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù°í ÆÇ´ÜµÈ´Ù.

(3)½É½ÇÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû º¯È­(Ventricular remodeling)
OSAS °¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÀο¡¼­, Àü½Å¼º °íÇ÷¾ÐÀº ¹°·Ð ÁÂ½É½Ç ±â´ÉÀÇ Àå¾Ö¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, OSAS°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÀο¡¼­, OSAS ´Üµ¶À¸·Î °íÇ÷¾Ð°ú ¹«°üÇÏ°Ô Á½ɽÇÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû º¯È­¸¦ ÃÊ·¡ÇÑ´Ù°í º¸°íµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.[9,10] ¼Ò¾Æ¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­µµ, OSAS °¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ Á½ɽǰú ¿ì½É½Ç ±â´ÉÀå¾Ö°¡ º¸°íµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. [2]

(4)Æóµ¿¸Æ °íÇ÷¾Ð
OSAS °¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾ÆÀÇ 37%¿¡¼­ Æóµ¿¸Æ¾ÐÀÇ »ó½Â°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ ¿ì½É½Ç ±â´ÉÀå¾Ö¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.[11] ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼Ò¾Æ±â¿¡ Àú»ê¼ÒÁõ¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ¼ºÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Ç÷°ü¼öÃ༺ Àڱؿ¡ ´ëÇÑ Æóµ¿¸ÆÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ °úµµÇÏ°Ô ¹Î°¨ÇØÁ®¼­ Àú»ê¼ÒÁõÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Æóµ¿¸Æ °íÇ÷¾ÐÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁø´Ù°í ÃßÁ¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.[12]

(5)Àü½Å¼º ¿°Áõ¼º ¹ÝÀÀÀÇ Ç×Áø°ú Á×»ó°æÈ­ÁõÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ
OSAS¿¡¼­ ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ Àú»ê¼ÒÁõ°ú ±ú¾î³²ÀÌ Àü½Å¼º »êÈ­¼º ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.[1]OSAS ȯ¾ÆµéÀÇ CD4 ¿Í CD8 T ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ º¯È­·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© type 2 »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎÀÇ »ý¼ºÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ¿© °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î IL-4 »ý¼ºÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.[1] OSAS ȯÀڵ鿡¼­ Ç÷Áß ¼øÈ¯ÇÏ´Â tumor necrosis factor alphaÀÇ Á¤µµ¿Í ³·½Ã°£Áß Á¹¸° Á¤µµ¿Í Àú»ê¼ÒÁõÀÇ ½ÉÇÑ Á¤µµ¿Í ¿¬°ü¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹àÇôÁø ¹Ù ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,[13] TNF-¥áÀÇ polymorphism °ú ¼ö¸é½Ã È£Èí°ü·Ã ¼ö¸éÀÌ ±úÁö´Â Çö»ó(sleep fragmentation)ÀÌ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸°íµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.[14]

(6)Ç÷°ü³»ÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÌ»ó
ÀÚÀ²½Å°æ°è¿Í Ç÷°ü¿îµ¿¼º ±äÀåµµÀÇ Ç×Áø°ú, Àü½Å¼º ¿°Áõ¼º °úÁ¤°ú Á×»ó°æÈ­·ÎÀÇ ÀÌÇàÀº ³»ÇǼ¼Æ÷ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀå¾Ö¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. [1] OSAS °¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼Ò¾Æµé¿¡¼­, ÆÄµ¿¼º Ç÷°ü ±äÀå`µµ¿Í ¹ÝÀÀ¼º ¿ïÇ÷(pulse arterial tonometry and reactive hyperemia test)À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§, Ç÷·ùÀÇ Áõ°¡¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí Ç÷°üÈ®ÀåÀÇ Àå¾Ö¸¦ °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í º¸°íµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù.[15]

2. ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ OSASÀÇ Áø´Ü
¼ö¸é´Ù¿ø°Ë»ç°¡ °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ Áø´Ü µµ±¸°¡ µÇ°ÚÀ¸¸ç, ÇÑ ½Ã°£ ¾È¿¡ apnea-hypopnea index¡Ã10ÀÏ °æ¿ì, oxygen saturation nadir¡Â80% ÀÏ °æ¿ì, ȤÀº ¾ÕÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö°¡ ´Ù ÇØ´çÀÌ µÉ °æ¿ì°¡ ½ÉÇÑ OSAS·Î Áø´ÜÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù[16]

. 3. ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ OSAS ÀÇ Ä¡·á
À§ÀÇ ¼ö¸é´Ù¿ø°Ë»ç ÈÄ Æíµµ¼ö¼úÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é Æíµµ¼ö¼úÀ» ½ÃÇàÇϰí, Æíµµ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ¿¡µµ OSAS °¡ ÇØ°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§´Â NPPV (CPAP µî)À» °í·ÁÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.[1] Æíµµ¼ö¼úÀÇ ÀûÀÀÁõÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì, ±¹¼ÒÀûÀ¸·Î ºñ°­³» ½ºÅ×·ÎÀ̵带 »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ç׿°Áõ È¿°ú¸¦ ³ë¸± ¼öµµ ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.[1]

Reference
1 Bhattacharjee R, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Pillar G, Gozal D (2009) Cardiovascular Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Evidence from Children. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 51: 416-433
2 Chan JY, Li AM, Au CT, Lo AF, Ng SK, Abdullah VJ, Ho C, Yu CM, Fok TF, Wing YK (2009) Cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnoea: a community based study. Thorax 64: 233-239
3 Arens R, McDonough JM, Costarino AT, Mahboubi S, Tayag-Kier CE, Maislin G, Schwab RJ, Pack AI (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper airway structure of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 164: 698-703
4 Aljadeff G, Gozal D, Schechtman VL, Burrell B, Harper RM, Ward SL (1997) Heart rate variability in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 20: 151-157
5 Foo JY, Lim CS (2006) Pulse transit time as an indirect marker for variations in cardiovascular related reactivity. Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine 14: 97-108
6 Kaditis AG, Alexopoulos EI, Damani E, Hatzi F, Chaidas K, Kostopoulou T, Tzigeroglou A, Gourgoulianis K (2009) Urine levels of catecholamines in Greek children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Pediatric pulmonology 44: 38-45
7 Imadojemu VA, Gleeson K, Gray KS, Sinoway LI, Leuenberger UA (2002) Obstructive apnea during sleep is associated with peripheral vasoconstriction. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 165: 61-66
8 Amin RS, Carroll JL, Jeffries JL, Grone C, Bean JA, Chini B, Bokulic R, Daniels SR (2004) Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure in children with sleep-disordered breathing. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 169: 950-956
9 Drager LF, Bortolotto LA, Figueiredo AC, Silva BC, Krieger EM, Lorenzi-Filho G (2007) Obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and their interaction on arterial stiffness and heart remodeling. Chest 131: 1379-1386
10 Alchanatis M, Tourkohoriti G, Kosmas EN, Panoutsopoulos G, Kakouros S, Papadima K, Gaga M, Jordanoglou JB (2002) Evidence for left ventricular dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. The European respiratory journal 20: 1239-1245
11 Sofer S, Weinhouse E, Tal A, Wanderman KL, Margulis G, Leiberman A, Gueron M (1988) Cor pulmonale due to adenoidal or tonsillar hypertrophy or both in children. Noninvasive diagnosis and follow-up. Chest 93: 119-122
12 Tang JR, Le Cras TD, Morris KG, Jr., Abman SH (2000) Brief perinatal hypoxia increases severity of pulmonary hypertension after reexposure to hypoxia in infant rats. American journal of physiology Lung cellular and molecular physiology 278: L356-364
13 Ryan S, Taylor CT, McNicholas WT (2006) Predictors of elevated nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent genes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 174: 824-830
14 Khalyfa A, Serpero LD, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Capdevila OS, Gozal D (2011) TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms and excessive daytime sleepiness in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. J Pediatr 158: 77-82
15 Itzhaki S, Lavie L, Pillar G, Tal G, Lavie P (2005) Endothelial dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea measured by peripheral arterial tone response in the finger to reactive hyperemia. Sleep 28: 594-600
16 Roland PS, Rosenfeld RM, Brooks LJ, Friedman NR, Jones J, Kim TW, Kuhar S, Mitchell RB, Seidman MD, Sheldon SH, Jones S, Robertson P (2011) Clinical Practice Guideline: Polysomnography for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Prior to Tonsillectomy in Children. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 145: S1-S15
1508239200_no81_1_file.pdf1508239200_no81_1_file.pdf


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